What are spectral lines and how are they formed?
Spectral lines are produced by transitions of electrons within atoms or ions. As the electrons move closer to or farther from the nucleus of an atom (or of an ion), energy in the form of light (or other radiation) is emitted or absorbed.…
What is intensity of spectral lines?
The intensity of spectral lines is determined by the relative probabilities transitions between various energy levels. Selection rules for rotational Raman allow only J=�2. Q4. 1 The intrinsic probability for a transition of a single molecule from J = 0 to J = 2 is the same as that for a transition from J = 1 to J = 3.
What are spectral lines used for?
Spectral lines also depend on the physical conditions of the gas, so they are widely used to determine the chemical composition of stars and other celestial bodies that cannot be analyzed by other means, as well as their physical conditions such as temperature.
What is broadening of spectral lines?
line broadening, in spectroscopy, the spreading across a greater wavelength, or frequency range, of absorption lines (dark) or emission lines (bright) in the radiation received from some object.
How many spectral lines are produced?
Hence there are 10 transitions and hence 10 spectral lines possible.
What is spectral line wavelength?
A spectral line is light of a single frequency, or wavelength, which is emitted (or absorbed) by an atom when an electron changes its energy level.
On which factors intensity of the spectral line depends?
The intensity of lines on the spectrum will be affected by the amount of sample which light passes through. The intensity of this transmitted light depends on the sample concentration and path length.
On which factors width of the spectral line depends?
For atoms and molecules, the width of spectral lines is governed mainly by the broadening of the energy levels of the atoms or molecules during interactions with surrounding particles and by the broadening of the spectral lines as a result of the Doppler effect.
How many spectral lines are there?
Hydrogen atom is said to be the simplest atomic system found in nature, thus it produces the simplest of the spectral series. So, the ten lines are; $ 5 \to 4,5 \to 3,5 \to 2,5 \to 1,4 \to 3,4 \to 2,4 \to 1,3 \to 2,3 \to 1,2 \to 1\; $ are possible in this case.
What is natural width of spectral lines?
A typical lifetime for an atomic energy state is about 10-8 seconds, corresponding to a natural linewidth of about 6.6 x 10-8 eV. For atomic spectra in the visible and uv, the limit on resolution is often set by Doppler broadening.
How do you find the number of spectral lines?
We konw that, If an electron jumps from nth orbital to ground state, the maximum number of emission lines is n(n-1)/2. so in case of 5th orbital we find 6(6–1)/2=15 emission lines.
What are spectral lines in an atom?
A spectral line is a dark or bright line in an otherwise uniform and continuous spectrum, resulting from emission or absorption of light in a narrow frequency range, compared with the nearby frequencies. Spectral lines are often used to identify atoms and molecules.
What is a spectral line frequency?
How does the intensity of spectral line vary with wavelength?
Intensity of spectral lines depends on the wavelength which has an inverse relation with the frequency of that particular spectral line. Hence, a wave which has greater frequency will have lower wavelength and a higher intensity.
How does the intensity of rotational spectral lines vary?
The relative intensity of the lines is a function of the rotational populations of the ground states, i.e. the intensity is proportional to the number of molecules that have made the transition. The overall intensity of the lines depends on the vibrational transition dipole moment.
What is width and intensity of spectral lines?
The maximum emission intensity φ(v) corresponds to the frequency vki; the width of the spectral line (Δvki) is equal to the frequency range between the points where the intensity falls to half the maximum intensity.
What is spectral lines formula?
As we know that the hydrogen spectrum is an emission spectrum, the atoms get excited and transition to different energy levels. Niels Bohr can study these transitions. Again he gave a formula known as the Rydberg formula to calculate the wavelength of these spectral lines. 1/λ = RZ2(1/n12− 1/n2h).
What is formula of wavelength of spectral line?
What is the number of spectral lines?
The number of spectral lines that are possible when electrons in the 7th shell in different hydrogen atoms return to the second shell is 15.