When did Chicago redlining start?
1930s
While discriminatory practices existed in the banking and insurance industries well before the 1930s, the New Deal’s Home Owners’ Loan Corporation (HOLC) instituted a redlining policy by developing color-coded maps of American cities that used racial criteria to categorize lending and insurance risks.
When did segregation in Chicago end?
1874
Formal segregation in Chicago slowly began to break down in the 1870s. The state extended the franchise to African Americans in 1870 and ended legally sanctioned school segregation in 1874.
When did discrimination in housing become illegal?
The 1968 Act expanded on previous acts and prohibited discrimination concerning the sale, rental, and financing of housing based on race, religion, national origin, sex, (and as amended) handicap and family status. Title VIII of the Act is also known as the Fair Housing Act (of 1968).
How did Chicago get so segregated?
Because the need for housing was so vast – but the available land was limited by an unwillingness to expand the area where Black people could live – soaring public-housing projects again reshaped the city.
What was Chicago redlining?
Redlining was the practice of banks marking with a red line the “hazardous” neighborhoods and determining them not worthy of loans. This led to Black communities missing out on owning property and accruing generational wealth after they were forced to stay in the hazardous neighborhoods, reinforcing segregation.
Why is Chicago still segregated?
Through a century of discriminatory strategies from the City and the real estate industry, in addition to antiquated attitudes toward Black residents and people of color, Chicago continues to be a “city of neighborhoods”—highly segregated neighborhoods.
What war brought about fair housing?
Meanwhile, while a growing number of African American and Hispanic members of the armed forces fought and died in the Vietnam War, on the home front their families had trouble renting or purchasing homes in certain residential areas because of their race or national origin.
When did racial segregation start in Chicago?
Between the 1919 race riot and the end of the Great Migration, segregation went from specter of racial strife to legal doctrine, aided by the law and economic writings of Progressive reformers Richard T.
Why Chicago is known as black city?
The Black City was the poverty stricken and industrial part of town. It was highly polluted. Everything in this area of Chicago was considered dirty; therefore, the name “Black City” seemed fit for the lower class part of Chicago.
What Party passed the Fair Housing Act?
Two-thirds of Democrats, and two-thirds of Republicans, joined in the historic victory. Five weeks later, the House passed the Senate measure without amendment, and Johnson signed the Fair Housing Act into law on April 11, 1968.
What was the original plan for high-rise housing in Chicago?
During this time in the 1940s, the Chicago Housing Authority began demolishing slums in the Black Belt and replacing them with high-rise public housing. The original plan was to place high rises in less congested parts of the city, however, white residents objected.
What caused the housing crisis in Chicago in 1949?
By 1949 the housing conditions of Chicago were brought to national attention. The FHA received pressure to address the overcrowded and deteriorating housing in Chicago’s Black Belt.
How did the Chicago Plan Commission promote racial restrictions in 1927?
Nathan William MacChesney, a member of the Chicago Plan Commission provided Chicago residents with model contracts for their covenants. Furthermore, in the fall of 1927, the CREB sent out speakers across the city to promote the racial restrictions.
How did the FHA create racial ghettos in Chicago?
The Black citizens of Chicago were stuck in racially distinct and physically deteriorating neighborhoods. The FHA Underwriting Manual of 1938 as well as the underwriting manuals of later years assisted in creating racial ghettos by instituting explicitly racist policies.