What is delayed coking unit?
November 2, 2013. A delayed coker is a type of coker whose process consists of heating the residual oil feed to its thermal cracking temperature in a multi parallel pass furnace. This cracks the long chain heavy carbon and hydrogen molecules of the residual oil into coker gas oil and pet coke.
What is delayed coking and how it is done?
A delayed coker is a type of coker whose process consists of heating a residual oil feed to its thermal cracking temperature in a furnace with multiple parallel passes. This cracks the heavy, long chain hydrocarbon molecules of the residual oil into coker gas oil and petroleum coke.
Why is it called delayed coking?
Delayed coking—a thermal cracking process that converts residuum into gasified product streams and concentrated carbon coke. It is called “delayed coking” because cracking takes place in a coke drum rather than in a furnace or reactor.
What is the main difference in the operation of fluid coking and delayed coking?
Fluid coking can process heavier VDR and gives a higher distillate yield (and lower coke yield) than delayed coking.
What is cycle time in delayed coking unit?
The coking takes place in the insulated coke drum as the drum fills up for a period of 16–18 h.
What is the purpose of delayed coker?
Delayed coking is a thermal cracking process used in petroleum refineries to upgrade and convert petroleum residuum (bottoms from vacuum distillation of crude oil) into liquid and gas product streams leaving behind a solid concentrated carbon material—petroleum coke.
What is meant by coking?
Coking is the heating of coal in the absence of oxygen to a temperature above 600 °C to drive off the volatile components of the raw coal, leaving a hard, strong, porous material of high carbon content called coke. Coke consists almost entirely of hydrocarbons.
What is CDU in oil and gas?
The crude distillation unit is at the front-end of the oil refinery. The desalting process and distillation of crude oil are included in the crude distillation unit (CDU).
What is the coking process?
What causes coking?
Studies have shown that coking occurs when fuels or oils are exposed to temperatures over 200 C, and increases significantly at temperatures over 400 C. Frequently, exposure to high temperature occurs after the engine or process is shut down, when there is no coolant flow to carry away excess heat.
How is coking done?
Coke is produced by heating coal at high temperatures, for long periods of time. This heating is called “thermal distillation” or “pyrolysis.” In order to produce coke that will be used in blast furnaces, coal is usually thermally distilled for 15 to 18 hours, but the process can take up to 36 hours.
What is VDU and CDU?
Distillation of crude oil is carried out in two units, first in an Atmospheric Distillation Unit (also known as Crude Distillation Unit, CDU), with further processing of the residue from atmospheric distillation in the Vacuum Distillation Unit (VDU), as illustrated in Figure 4.2.
What is Adu and VDU?
Atmospheric Distillation Unit and Vacuum Distillation Unit istillation of crude oil is carried out in two steps, first in an Atmospheric Distillation Unit (ADU) and further processing of the residue from ADU in the Vacuum Distillation Unit (VDU).
What are coking properties?
Generally coking properties of coal deteriorates on storage and unless adequate precautions are taken to prevent oxidation, the coke generated by HTC process are found to be inferior grade. From: Coal Science and Engineering, 2012.
Why is it called coking?
The industrial production of coke from coal is called coking. The coal is baked in an airless kiln, a “coke furnace” or “coking oven”, at temperatures as high as 2,000 °C (3,600 °F) but usually around 1,000–1,100 °C (1,800–2,000 °F).
What is FCC in refinery?
Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC), a type of secondary unit operation, is primarily used in producing additional gasoline in the refining process.
What is CDU and VDU?
How many types of coking coal are there?
The three main categories of metallurgical coal are: Hard coking coals (HCC) Semi-soft coking coal (SSCC) Pulverized coal injection (PCI) coal.
What is MMR in coking coal?
Vitrinite reflectance – It is also known as mean maximum reflectance (MMR) and is used to determine the coal rank.